Written By Shailee Kuvadia (Grade 12)
Music therapy is becoming increasingly recognised as a powerful tool for people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), harnessing the ways in which music affects the brain to tackle the intricate symptoms of autism. The foundation of this therapeutic approach lies in neuroplasticity, sensory processing, and social-emotional development.
Studies have suggested that music activates numerous brain regions simultaneously, boosting neuroplasticity—the brain’s capacity to reorganise itself by creating new neural connections. In individuals with autism, music can assist in bridging connectivity gaps between different brain areas, particularly those involved in social communication and emotional regulation. Functional MRI research has demonstrated increased synchronisation between auditory and motor regions, which may lead to enhanced coordination and responsiveness to external stimuli.
Individuals with autism typically encounter sensory processing disparities, which can heighten their sensitivity to external stimuli. Music can act as a managed sensory stimulus that aids in desensitisation and regulation of these reactions. The structured and rhythmic elements of music offer a soothing sensory encounter, potentially lessening anxiety and overstimulation. This integration of sensory experiences through music assists in enhancing individuals’ ability to handle and react to other sensory inputs in their surroundings.
Additionally, music therapy has the potential to improve language and communication abilities. There are shared neural networks involved in processing both music and language, especially in the temporal lobe. Interaction with music has the ability to activate these areas, which can support the growth of verbal skills. Melodic intonation therapy, a technique that utilises musical components to aid in speech generation, has displayed potential in aiding non-verbal individuals with autism in developing language skills.
The ability of music to elicit emotions is widely recognised, and it can be especially helpful for individuals with autism who may have difficulty expressing and recognising emotions. Participating in music in a therapeutic environment can offer a secure space for exploring and expressing emotions. Furthermore, group music activities promote social interaction and collaboration, nurturing a feeling of community and acceptance. In essence, the scientific basis for music therapy for individuals with autism lies in its significant impact on brain connectivity, sensory processing, communication, and emotional involvement. By utilising the influence of music, therapists can develop customised interventions that deeply resonate with individuals with autism, fostering development and enhancing their overall well-being.
Featured Image Courtesy – Everyday Health
